Effects of defect dipoles on tunable dielectric response in relaxor ferroelectric ceramics

Tunable dielectric materials have drawn much attention due to their wide applications including capacitors and microwave tunable devices. Ferroelectrics materials have special spontaneous polarization which can be reversibly switched by an external electric field. Therefore, tunable dielectric constant can be easily achieved in ferroelectrics. However, the study of nonlinear dielectric response induced by defect dipoles is rarely concerned. Here, we report the effects of defect dipoles on tunable dielectric response under alternative current (AC) and direct current (DC) electric field in defect dipoles introduced Pb(Lu_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃–PbTiO₃ ceramics. A modified Rayleigh model is proposed to successfully characterize dielectric nonlinearity and reveals the interaction between domain walls and defect dipoles. The defect dipoles had more sensitive effect on dielectric response under AC field than that of defect dipoles-free samples. The drop of intrinsic dielectric contribution under AC field results from the detriment effect of defect dipoles. The irreversible contribution is altered by the movements of defect dipoles under AC field, subsequently inducing the nonlinearity of dielectric response. Samples with defect dipoles have larger tunable scope of dielectric properties than that of defect dipoles-free samples. The present work discovers the potential of application of defect dipoles-tuned dielectric response ferroelectrics in devices which requires both high AC and DC biases, and help to better understand the complex dielectric response of ferroelectrics.     

环己烯水合生产精己二酸提质提量的研究

为提高己二酸生产负荷和产品质量,在对环己醇与硝酸反应机理进行研究的基础上,发现环己烯水合生成环己醇、环己醇与硝酸反应生成己二酸的氧化反应产生的热量及NOx气量较大,制约了氧化反应负荷的提升。通过调整NOx总管压力以及吸收塔吸收液输送阀自控条件,提高氧化反应的空气补入量,同时稳定输送吸收塔吸收液,实现了己二酸装置高负荷连续运行。另外,通过增加原料过滤设施,控制己二酸中丁二酸、戊二酸含量等措施,提高了己二酸产品质量。     

矿用设备负载敏感比例多路阀的改进研究

矿用设备液压系统多采用负载敏感系统以提高系统节能性、减少发热。针对现有负载敏感系统中使用的多路阀工作时的压力流量损失,在多路阀的进油联增设压力复制阀。阐述了压力复制阀的工作原理,建立了仿真模型,分析了Ls口压力与负载压力的关系。工作时负载信号不需要消耗工作油口中的油液。通过实际使用结果表明,增设压力复制阀提高了系统效率和响应速度。     

浅埋深高瓦斯工作面瓦斯抽放对采空区自燃“三带”的影响研究

以五虎山煤矿010908工作面为背景,采用理论分析、数值模拟和现场实测等手段对浅埋深高瓦斯工作面瓦斯抽放对采空区自燃"三带"影响进行研究。研究结果表明:当瓦斯绝对涌出量与采空区漏风量处于均衡状态时,此时瓦斯对煤自燃将出现明显的耦合影响;当采空区漏风量小于瓦斯绝对涌出量时,采空区遗煤自燃将受到阻碍;与之相反,当漏风量大于瓦斯涌出量时,采空区遗煤自燃受瓦斯涌出量的影响较小;高位钻孔与工作面距离越远,采空区内部的漏风路径也越长,采空区氧化带、窒息带所处的区域越向采空区深部扩大,但靠近工作面一侧的氧化带范围并没有出现明显变化。     

石油工程岩石强度与变形尺度效应研究现状综述与展望

岩石强度与变形存在显著的尺度效应,致使实验室尺度的岩样强度与变形测试结果不能直接应用于工程范围的大尺度岩体或微纳米级尺度的岩屑(矿物)。实现岩石强度与变形的跨尺度表征,即基于常规岩心测试手段,结合跨尺度表征方法来预测其他尺度的岩石力学参数和变形规律对于油气高效、经济、安全开采具有重要意义。本文在充分调研了国内外关于岩石强度与变形尺度效应研究的基础上,介绍了当前研究岩石强度与变形尺度效应的主要理论、主要认识和影响因素,并对石油工程领域岩石强度与变形尺度效应的研究方向进行了展望。     

桩土复合路基静载试验改进方法研究

静载试验作为复合路基的一种重要检测手段而广泛应用,然而,在工程质量检测中,常出现检测结果与实际情况不符的情况,除人为操作因素外,垫层模拟过于简单是主要原因。借助引入弹性垫层,提出一种桩土复合路基静载试验改进方法。首先,基于数值模拟计算,建立复合路基桩土应力比n和桩土相对位移Δs、弹性垫层厚度h和弹性垫层模量E的函数关系;其次,通过模拟结果和路堤荷载结果对比,确定不同桩型复合路基静载试验中弹性垫层参数选择范围,最后,利用现场对比试验和实测结果,论证桩土复合路基静载试验改进方法的正确性和可靠性。     

气泡负载测量装置的创新及应用

对比分析了现有气泡负载测量装置的应用及存在的不足,介绍了一种改进型的气泡负载测量装置及创新测量方法,能够实现长时间连续稳定测量取样,且干扰少,精度高。将该装置和方法应用在工业浮选设备的测试中,对江西某一选矿厂的两个平行选硫生产线的粗、扫选作业进行了气泡负载测量及其对比分析,一期选矿厂粗、扫选作业浮选机内的气泡负载率在最浅处仅为9.99g/L和2.64g/L,而二期选矿厂达到了16.25g/L和8.47g/L。同时,利用该装置,首次对浮选槽近液面区域内矿化气泡运输过程中的负载变化规律进行了探究,结果表明,随着气泡的上升,粗选浮选槽内气泡负载量在近液面区呈现上升趋势,而扫选浮选槽内气泡负载量在近液面区呈现相反的下降趋势,这一规律同时也在另一个生产系列得到验证。气泡负载量的差异和变化规律揭示了浮选槽内气泡的矿化过程,可为选矿厂工艺调整及浮选槽性能的改进提供参考依据。     

动压巷道组合锚索的“应力柱”效应研究

为有效控制动压巷道围岩变形较大、支护控制困难等问题，以山西某矿8102工作面为工程背景，通过现场调研、数值模拟、现场试验等手段，对动载扰动条件下组合锚索的支护效果进行研究分析，并在现场进行了工业性试验。研究结果表明:通过对在动压巷道顶板施加组合锚索的数值模拟得知，巷道顶板应力比较集中，并出现“应力柱”效应，巷道变形较小。结合现场工业性试验，在动压巷道顶板施加组合锚索，巷道变形破坏情况明显好于未施加组合锚索段；组合锚索可以有效控制动压巷道围岩变形破坏情况。     

A novel constitutive stress-strain law for compressive deformation of the gas diffusion layer

Substantial compressive deformation occurs in the gas diffusion layer (GDL) under the pressure applied during the fuel cell assembly. The GDL deformation has a direct impact on the efficiency and performance of the fuel cell since it leads to the alteration of the GDL microstructure and porosity. This makes the accurate characterization of the GDL compressive behavior crucial for analyzing the fuel cell performance and its optimal design. In this paper, analytical, experimental, and numerical methods have been employed to comprehensively study the constitutive law of the GDL under compression. Starting from the recently developed stress-density relations, the constitutive stress-strain equations are derived for the GDL and the relation between the stress-density and stress-strain laws are revealed. Experimental compression tests have been performed on GDL samples and the capability of the proposed constitutive law in capturing the real behavior of the material has been proved. It has been observed that the simplifying assumption of constant zero Poisson's ratio in the through-plane direction made in many previous studies cannot accurately represent the GDL material behavior and a modification is proposed. The developed constitutive law has been successfully implemented in a finite element model of the GDL-bipolar plate assembly in the fuel cell structure and the variations of the GDL porosity, density, and through-plane Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio have been investigated for different vertical displacements of the bipolar plate.     

Enhanced gaseous hydrogen solubility in ferritic and martensitic steels at low temperatures

Metals that are exposed to high pressure hydrogen gas may undergo detrimental failure by embrittlement. Understanding the mechanisms and driving forces of hydrogen absorption on the surface of metals is crucial for avoiding hydrogen embrittlement. In this study, the effect of stress-enhanced gaseous hydrogen uptake in bulk metals is investigated in detail. For that purpose, a generalized form of Sievert's law is derived from thermodynamic potentials considering the effect of microstructural trapping sites and multiaxial stresses. This new equation is parametrized and verified using experimental data for carbon steels, which were charged under gaseous hydrogen atmosphere at pressures up to 1000 bar. The role of microstructural trapping sites on the parameter identification is critically discussed. Finally, the parametrized equation is applied to calculate the stress-enhanced hydrogen solubility of thin-walled pipelines and thick-walled pressure vessels during service.